El embrión quedó enterrado hace 66 millones de años cuando estaba a punto de salir del cascarón y es uno de los fósiles mejor conservados de un dinosaurio bebé.
Hace unos 66 millones de años, una cría de dinosaurio estaba a punto de salir de su cascarón cuando el huevo fue enterrado en circunstancias desconocidas frustrando su nacimiento. Desde entonces, el huevo se mantuvo enterrado en un yacimiento fósil del Cretácico tardío ubicado en Ganzhou, al sur de China, conservando uno de los fósiles de embrión de dinosaurio mejor conservado jamás descubierto, hasta ahora.
Aunque el hallazgo original ocurrió en el año 2000 mientras la empresa de minería Yingliang Group trabajaba en la zona, no fue hasta 15 años después, durante la construcción del Museo Yingliang de Historia Natural, que el personal que clasificaba los fósiles se percató de la existencia de una serie de huesos que asomaban a través de una grieta del huevo.
“Los embriones de dinosaurios son los fósiles más raros y la mayoría de ellos están incompletos, con los huesos dislocados. Estamos muy entusiasmados con el descubrimiento de ‘Baby Yingliang’: se conserva en excelentes condiciones y nos ayudará a responder muchas preguntas sobre el crecimiento y la reproducción de los dinosaurios”, asegura Fion Waisum Ma, investigadora doctoral de la Universidad de Birmingham y autora del estudio.
Después de analizar el cascarón, el equipo encabezado por Lida Xing, autora principal de la Universidad China de Geociencias de Pekín, reveló que se trata de un embrión de ovirraptorosaurio, un grupo de dinosaurios con plumas y picos similares a los de las aves modernas, que habitaron la Tierra entre 130 y 66 millones de años atrás.
Los detalles publicados esta semana en iScience, revelan una postura inédita en embriones de dinosaurios no voladores y una serie de características que se suman a la creciente evidencia de que las aves modernas son descendientes directas de los terópodos que vivieron hace más de 66 millones de años.
La cabeza del embrión (de 27 centímetros de largo de punta a punta) se encuentra cerca de la parte inferior del cuerpo, con las patas abiertas hacia cada lado y la espalda completamente curvada hacia dentro, respaldada por un hueco que alojó un saco de aire durante su incubación dentro del huevo, de 17 centímetros de largo y con forma alargada, como una píldora.
Lejos de ser características desconocidas, se trata de comportamientos comunes en las aves contemporáneas, visibles en cualquier embrión de pollo.
“Este embrión de dinosaurio dentro de su huevo es uno de los fósiles más hermosos que he visto en mi vida. Este pequeño dinosaurio prenatal se parece a un pájaro acurrucado en su huevo, una prueba más de que muchos rasgos característicos de las aves de hoy evolucionaron por primera vez en sus ancestros dinosaurios», explica explica el Profesor Steve Brusatte de la Universidad de Edimburgo y parte del equipo de investigación.
La comparación de la postura del dinosaurio bebé con las aves contemporáneas sugiere que los dinosaurios también llevaban a cabo el proceso conocido como remetimiento, donde la adopción de una serie de posturas específicas dentro del huevo y comandadas por el sistema nervioso central es fundamental para una eclosión exitosa.
Fuente: National Geographic
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